Oleh: A. Tarmizi, SE, Pengamat Kebijakan Publik
Jakarta, JURNAL TIPIKOR – Wacana pemekaran wilayah kembali mengemuka di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Seiring dengan aspirasi masyarakat lokal dan janji politik, gagasan ini memicu perdebatan sengit di kalangan pakar dan pemangku kepentingan.
Untuk memahami kompleksitasnya, kami berdiskusi dengan A. Tarmizi seorang pengamat kebijakan publik mengenai implikasi dari rencana pemekaran ini.
Menurut Tarmizi, motif utama di balik usulan pemekaran wilayah umumnya adalah pemerataan pembangunan dan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan publik.
“Daerah-daerah yang merasa tertinggal atau memiliki rentang kendali yang terlalu luas dari pusat kabupaten/provinsi induk seringkali melihat pemekaran sebagai solusi,” ujarnya.
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Ia menambahkan bahwa dengan terbentuknya daerah otonom baru (DOB), diharapkan alokasi anggaran bisa lebih fokus, birokrasi lebih efisien, dan pembangunan infrastruktur serta ekonomi lokal dapat terakselerasi.
Namun, Tarmizi juga menyoroti sejumlah tantangan dan potensi risiko yang harus dipertimbangkan secara matang.
“Pengalaman di masa lalu menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua DOB berhasil meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Bahkan, ada beberapa yang justru menjadi beban anggaran negara,” tegasnya.
Tantangan Utama:
- Kapasitas Fiskal: Salah satu kekhawatiran terbesar adalah kemampuan DOB untuk mandiri secara finansial. “Banyak DOB yang sangat bergantung pada transfer dana dari pusat. Jika pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) tidak mampu ditingkatkan secara signifikan dalam waktu singkat, maka DOB tersebut akan menjadi ‘daerah tumpuan’ bukan ‘daerah penyangga’,” jelas A.Tarmizi. Ia menekankan pentingnya studi kelayakan ekonomi yang komprehensif sebelum pemekaran direalisasikan.
- Kesiapan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM): Pemekaran membutuhkan SDM aparatur yang mumpuni untuk menjalankan roda pemerintahan dan pembangunan. “Apakah daerah yang dimekarkan memiliki stok birokrat yang kompeten dan berintegritas? Tanpa SDM yang kuat, efektivitas pelayanan publik dan tata kelola pemerintahan akan terganggu,” katanya.
- Konektivitas dan Infrastruktur: Meskipun pemekaran bertujuan mendekatkan pelayanan, A. Tarmizi mengingatkan bahwa pembentukan DOB baru juga memerlukan pembangunan infrastruktur dasar yang memadai, seperti kantor pemerintahan, jalan, dan fasilitas publik lainnya. “Ini memerlukan investasi besar yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perencanaan,” tambahnya.
- Potensi Konflik: Dalam beberapa kasus, pemekaran dapat memicu konflik batas wilayah, perebutan sumber daya, atau bahkan polarisasi politik di antara kelompok masyarakat. “Pemerintah harus memastikan proses pemekaran dilakukan dengan partisipasi publik yang luas dan didasari oleh konsensus, bukan hanya aspirasi segelintir elite,” sarannya.
- Tumpang Tindih Kewenangan: A.Tarmizi juga menyoroti potensi tumpang tindih kewenangan antara DOB baru dengan kabupaten/provinsi induk, terutama jika batas-batas wilayah dan pembagian aset tidak dirumuskan dengan jelas.
Rekomendasi Kebijakan:
Melihat kompleksitas ini, A.Tarmizi memberikan beberapa rekomendasi bagi pemerintah dan DPR dalam menyikapi rencana pemekaran wilayah:
- Studi Kelayakan Mendalam: “Tidak ada jalan pintas dalam pemekaran. Setiap usulan harus didasarkan pada studi kelayakan yang sangat mendalam dan independen, meliputi aspek ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan daya dukung lingkungan,” tegasnya.
- Kriteria yang Jelas dan Terukur: Pemerintah perlu merumuskan kriteria pemekaran yang lebih ketat dan terukur, tidak hanya berorientasi pada jumlah penduduk atau luas wilayah, tetapi juga pada potensi ekonomi, kapasitas fiskal, dan kesiapan SDM.
- Pengawasan Pasca-Pemekaran yang Kuat: “Pemekaran bukan akhir dari proses, melainkan awal. Perlu ada mekanisme pengawasan yang kuat terhadap kinerja DOB dalam jangka waktu tertentu, misalnya 5-10 tahun. Jika tidak memenuhi target, perlu ada evaluasi serius, bahkan kemungkinan penggabungan kembali,” usulnya.
- Peningkatan Kapasitas Daerah Induk: A.Tarmizi juga menyarankan agar pemerintah lebih fokus pada peningkatan kapasitas daerah induk melalui desentralisasi fiskal dan administrasi yang lebih kuat, sehingga pemekaran menjadi opsi terakhir, bukan satu-satunya solusi.
“Pemekaran wilayah adalah alat, bukan tujuan akhir. Tujuannya adalah kesejahteraan masyarakat. Jika pemekaran tidak mampu mewujudkan tujuan tersebut, maka kita perlu bertanya, apakah ini harapan baru atau justru beban baru bagi negara dan masyarakat?” pungkas A. Tarmizi.
(Asep)
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