Jakarta, JURNAL TIPIKOR —
Pakar Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) memprediksi awal puasa Ramadhan 2025/1446 Hijriah berbeda. Apa alasannya?
Profesor Riset Astronomi dan Astrofisika BRIN, Thomas Djamaludin, memperkirakan awal Ramadhan 1446 Hijriah jatuh pada 2 Maret 2025. Prediksi ini berbeda dengan Muhammadiyah yang telah menetapkan 1 Ramadhan pada 1 Maret 2025.
Menurut Thomas posisi Bulan saat magrib pada 28 Februari 2025 di Banda Aceh berada di ketinggian 4,5 derajat dengan elongasi 6,4 derajat. Sementara di Surabaya, ketinggian Bulan 3,7 derajat dan elongasi 5,8 derajat.
Posisi tersebut sedikit melebihi kriteria kesepakatan MABIMS (Menteri Agama Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura), yang mensyaratkan ketinggian minimal 3 derajat dan elongasi 6,4 derajat untuk menentukan awal bulan Hijriah.
“Posisi Bulan masih cukup rendah dan dekat dengan Matahari, sehingga sulit diamati,” ujar Thomas dalam video di kanal YouTube miliknya, dikutip Senin (24/2).
Ia menambahkan, kemungkinan rukyat hilal gagal, sehingga 1 Ramadhan 1446 H berpotensi jatuh pada 2 Maret 2025. Kendati begitu, ia mengatakan agar semua pihak menunggu keputusan hasil Sidang Isbat yang akan digelar pemerintah.
Sementara itu, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) mencatat, ketinggian hilal di Indonesia pada 28 Februari berkisar antara 3,02 derajat di Merauke hingga 4,69 derajat di Sabang.
Elongasi hilal juga bervariasi, mulai dari 4,78 derajat di Waris, Papua, hingga 6,4 derajat di Banda Aceh. Selain itu, umur Bulan di Indonesia saat Matahari terbenam berkisar 8,16 hingga 11,11 jam.
BMKG juga mengingatkan objek astronomis lain yang bisa mengganggu pengamatan hilal, seperti planet Venus, Merkurius, atau bintang terang seperti Sirius.
“Pada 28 Februari 2025, sejak Matahari terbenam hingga Bulan terbenam, terdapat Saturnus dan Merkurius yang berjarak kurang dari 10 derajat dari Bulan,” tulis BMKG dalam keterangannya.
Versi Muhammadiyah
Prediksi dari BRIN ini membuka potensi perbedaan awal Ramadhan 1446 H di Indonesia.
Pasalnya, Pimpinan Pusat (PP) Muhammadiyah menetapkan awal puasa pada Sabtu, 1 Maret 2025, berdasarkan metode Hisab Hakiki Wujudul Hilal. Keputusan ini juga menetapkan 1 Syawal 1446 H atau Idulfitri jatuh pada Senin, 31 Maret 2025.
Hal tersebut ditetapkan dalam Maklumat PP Muhammadiyah tentang Penetapan Hasil Hisab Ramadan, Syawal, dan Zulhijah 1446 H. Keputusan Muhammadiyah ini ditetapkan berdasarkan kriteria Hisab Hakiki Wujudul Hilal.
“1 Ramadan jatuh Sabtu 1 Maret 2025 dan 1 Syawal 1446 jatuh pada Senin 31 Maret 2025,” kata Sekretaris PPMuhammadiyahSayuti dalam konferensipersnya, Rabu (12/2).
Sementara itu, Kementerian Agama (Kemenag) akan menggelar Sidang Isbat untuk menetapkan awal Ramadhan 1446 Hijriah pada 28 Februari 2025. Sidang ini akan menentukan awal bulan puasa bagi umat Islam di Indonesia dan dipimpin langsung oleh Menteri Agama, Nasaruddin Umar.
Direktur Urusan Agama Islam dan Bina Syariah (Urais Binsyar) pada Ditjen Bimas Islam Kemenag, Arsad Hidayat, menjelaskan bahwa berdasarkan data hisab, ijtimak (perpaduan Bulan dan Matahari) terjadi pada Jumat, 28 Februari 2025, sekitar pukul 07.44 WIB.
Pada hari yang sama, ketinggian hilal di seluruh Indonesia diperkirakan sudah di atas ufuk antara 3° 5,91′ hingga 4° 40,96°, dengan elongasi antara 4° 47,03′ hingga 6° 24,14°.
“Dengan kriteria ini, secara astronomi, ada indikasi kuat bahwa hilal akan terlihat. Namun, keputusan akhirnya kita tunggu berdasarkan hasil sidang isbat yang akan diumumkan Menteri Agama,” kata Arsad, melansir laman Kemenag.
Data hisab ini akan dikonfirmasi melalui pemantauan hilal atau rukyatul hilal yang dilakukan di berbagai titik di Indonesia. Hasil dari hisab dan rukyat tersebut akan dipaparkan pada sidang isbat yang dipimpin Menteri Agama(*)
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