Bandung, JURNAL TIPIKOR – Komitmen Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung dalam melindungi lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan, yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Nomor 15 Tahun 2019, dipertanyakan menyusul temuan alih fungsi lahan sawah yang ironisnya berlokasi tepat di depan kantor pemerintahan daerah di kawasan Soreang.
Perda ini, yang merupakan turunan dari Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN No. 19 Tahun 2016 dan diperkuat oleh Perpres No. 59 Tahun 2019 tentang Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah, bertujuan menjamin kepastian adanya lahan sawah abadi demi kedaulatan pangan lokal.
Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung sebelumnya telah memastikan minimal 17.500 hektar sawah akan ditetapkan sebagai sawah abadi dari total sekitar 31.000 hektar sawah yang tersisa. Salah satu lokasi yang diklaim masuk data base sawah abadi adalah sawah di depan kantor pemerintahan di Soreang.
Namun, fakta di lapangan menunjukkan distorsi implementasi. Kawasan sawah yang seharusnya menjadi pembeda dan ikonik Kabupaten Bandung tersebut, kini telah mengalami proses alih fungsi menjadi kawasan komersil dan perumahan elit.
Ancaman Banjir dan Lingkungan Kian Nyata
Alih fungsi lahan sawah, terutama di lokasi strategis seperti depan kantor pemerintahan, dikhawatirkan akan memperparah ancaman banjir. Lahan sawah berfungsi sebagai ruang resapan air alami.
Pengurangan ruang resapan ini akan meningkatkan risiko banjir cileuncang yang mengancam ruas jalan nasional (Soreang-Bandung) akibat ketidakmampuan drainase menampung luapan air.
Indra dari Aliansi Masyarakat Kabupaten Bandung (AMKB) mengungkapkan kekhawatiran tersebut. “Perubahan fungsi lahan sawah depan kantor pemerintahan itu, sangat kuat memunculkan potensi banjir cileuncang yang mengancam masyarakat dan poros jalan nasional,” ujarnya saat dikonfirmasi Jurnal Tipikor, Rabu (17/12).
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Potensi banjir diperkirakan berdampak langsung (Spread Area) ke tiga desa berbatasan, yakni Desa Sekarwangi, Pamekaran, dan Parungserab, serta dampak tidak langsung (Spillover Area) ke Desa Cingcin.
Desakan Kontribusi Pembangunan dan Penegakan Aturan
Pengamat kebijakan publik, Ali Wardhana Isha (AWI) dari The Ihakkie Filantropy School, sepakat bahwa ancaman banjir akan semakin besar.
Ia menyarankan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung untuk:
- Penegakan Aturan: Memberikan perintah tegas pada penegakan Perda yang ada.
- Kontribusi Pengembang: Menekankan pengembang untuk menyiapkan kontribusi pembangunan bagi masyarakat terdampak, salah satunya dengan memastikan pembangunan drainase yang lebar dan dalam di sekeliling lahan proyek.
- Penanaman Pohon Skala Besar: Pemerintah harus mewajibkan penanaman pohon yang mampu menyerap air skala besar, tidak hanya mengutamakan keindahan.
“Pohon Trembesi dan lainnya, mungkin alternatif utama untuk ditanam, bukan pohon Palm,” tegas AWI.
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Perpres 59/2019 dan Kepastian Peta Lahan Sawah Dilindungi
Penerbitan Perpres No. 59 Tahun 2019 merupakan bukti niat negara melindungi lahan pertanian dari alih fungsi.
Perpres ini mengamanatkan klarifikasi dan penyepakatan luasan lahan sawah yang akan dilindungi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, yang hasilnya akan ditetapkan sebagai Peta Lahan
Sawah Dilindungi oleh Menteri ATR/Kepala BPN. Peta ini harus diintegrasikan ke dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) sebagai bagian dari Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B).
Mengingat penetapan Lahan Sawah Abadi adalah syarat penting dalam pengesahan Perda RTRW Kabupaten Bandung, tidak ada alasan bagi Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung untuk dengan mudah mengeluarkan izin alih fungsi lahan pertanian pangan, apalagi di kawasan yang seharusnya dilindungi.
Ironi alih fungsi lahan di ‘jantung’ pemerintahan ini menjadi sinyal bahwa komitmen perlindungan lahan sawah abadi hanya sebatas jargon, mengkhawatirkan kedaulatan pangan dan keselamatan warga dari bencana hidrometeorologi.
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