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JURNAL TIPIKOR – Di tengah euforia pembangunan Sekolah Rakyat seluas 8 hektare di setiap kabupaten/kota, sebagai sebuah mimpi besar yang dicanangkan Presiden Prabowo Subianto, malah muncul kebijakan kontradiktif dari level provinsi yakni kelas diisi hingga 50 siswa. Jawa Barat jadi sorotan, dan publik pun bertanya: “Apakah makin padat itu makin cerdas?”
Jika tidak hati-hati, ini bisa menjadi bom waktu pendidikan karena melanggar hukum, menyiksa psikologi anak, dan memboroskan anggaran hanya demi citra efisiensi yang keliru.
Regulasi jelas maksimal 36 siswa per kelas
Sejak lama, pemerintah pusat melalui Permendikbudristek nomor 47 tahun 2023 telah menetapkan batas maksimal siswa per rombongan belajar (rombel):
1. SD/MI maksimal 28 siswa,
2. SMP/MTs maksimal 32 siswa,
3. SMA/SMK/MA/MAK maksimal 36 siswa.
Ditambah lagi, Permendikbud nomor 22 tahun 2016 pada lampiran III menegaskan bahwa setiap ruang kelas harus memiliki luas minimal 2 meter persegi per siswa dan lebar ruangan minimal 5 meter. Jika satu ruang kelas SMA berukuran 72 m² diisi 50 siswa, maka hanya tersisa 1,44 m² per anak, itu di bawah standar minimal dan melanggar Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8157:2015.
Lebih dari itu, sistem Data Pokok Pendidikan (Dapodik) otomatis akan menolak input siswa ke-37 ke atas. Ini sistim nasional, bukan Jawa Barat semata. Maka dampaknya:
– Siswa tidak mendapat Nomor Induk Siswa Nasional (NISN),
– Tidak menerima Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS),
– Tidak diikutsertakan dalam Asesmen Nasional (AN).
Anak-anak ini secara administratif akan dianggap tidak terdaftar di sistem pendidikan negara. Ini sangat merugikan!
Popularitas tak boleh menyingkirkan peraturan
Gagasan pendidikan tidak bisa bergantung pada figur sepopuler apa pun. Hukum Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang nomor 12 tahun 2011 di pasal 7 menegaskan bahwa peraturan daerah atau kebijakan kepala daerah batal demi hukum bila bertentangan dengan peraturan menteri.
Maka ketika kebijakan lokal membiarkan rombel mencapai 50 orang, itu bukan keberanian inovatif, melainkan pelanggaran sistemik. Jadi sudah jelas bukan?
Sebagai pengingat, pemimpin itu sejati adalah mereka yang mampu legowo menyesuaikan diri dengan hukum nasional, bukan sekadar tampil beda tanpa dasar hukum.
Efek psikologis dan medis, jelas gemuk adalah risiko kolektif
Penelitian Zheng et al. (2022) dalam Journal of Educational Psychology menunjukkan bahwa rasio murid-guru di atas 25:1 menurunkan capaian akademik hingga 12%. Tingkat stres siswa juga meningkat 34%
Menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), ruang dengan kepadatan di bawah 2 m²/siswa dan tanpa ventilasi berisiko tinggi terhadap:
– Penyebaran penyakit pernapasan,
– Gangguan konsentrasi,
– Penurunan kualitas interaksi sosial.
Data internal Pusat Penilaian Pendidikan (Puspendik) Kemendikbud 2020 pun menyebut bahwa siswa di kelas lebih dari 35 orang mengalami kecemasan 2,3 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas dengan jumlah ideal.
Sekolah rakyat 8 hektare pilihan untuk menampung banyak siswa
Dengan alokasi lahan besar dan anggaran triliunan, Sekolah Rakyat semestinya digunakan Pemprov Jawa Barat menjadi oase pendidikan holistik. Ruangan sekolah rakyat bisa dipergunakan untuk menampung lebih banyak siswa jika ruangan sekolah yang ada dirasa kurang.
Pilihan ini lebih ideal bukan malah ruangan yang ada digunakan untuk menjejalkan siswa sebanyak-banyaknya, karena hal itu adalah pelanggaran terhadap Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 Tahun 2023 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal dan SNI 8157:2015 tentang Bangunan Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah.
Ruang kelas di 8 hektare harus lebih dimanfaatkan untuk:
1. Laboratorium STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics),
2. Taman terapi untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus,
3. Ruang proyek kolaboratif dan konseling,
4. Zona hijau dan olahraga terbuka.
Bukan hanya untuk deretan bangku dan kipas angin.
Rekomendasi IAW untuk pemerintah daerah dan nasional
1. Batasi jumlah siswa maksimal 36 per kelas sesuai Permendikbudristek 47/2023.
2. Terapkan sistem dua shift atau rombel paralel seperti sukses dilakukan di DKI Jakarta (Pergub No. 189 Tahun 2019).
3. Tutup rombel ilegal dalam waktu 6 bulan (Pasal 15 Permendikbudristek 47/2023).
4. Fungsikan lahan 8 hektare secara optimal untuk aspek psikososial dan akademik.
5. Difasilitasi pengaduan ke Ombudsman Republik Indonesia bagi siswa yang kehilangan hak administratif (UU No. 37 tahun 2008)
Kesimpulan, pendidikan harus patuh hukum, bukan tunduk gimik
Mendorong 47–50 siswa dalam satu ruang bukan inovasi, tapi bentuk pembiaran yang merugikan hak dasar anak. Pendidikan Indonesia harus berpijak pada:
– Hukum nasional yang tegas,
– Data ilmiah yang sahih,
– Prinsip kesehatan dan psikologi anak.
*Karena sekolah bukan panggung konten viral. Bukan tempat uji nyali kebijakan populis. Tapi ruang suci untuk menumbuhkan masa depan bangsa
(Red)
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